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Management & Treatment For Common Health Problems

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Constipation: 15+ causes, assessment, and treatment

Abhi Sharma January 1, 2021 0 GESTRO Problems 13

Constipation Overview

Constipation is a change in the usual bowel habits.

It is defined as decrease in frequency  and liquidity of stool as compared to the normal pattern in a particular individual.

Constipation causes treatment
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The usual complaints of the patients are straining at defecation >25% of time, lumpy/hard stools, sensation of incomplete evacuation,or less than 3
bowel actions per week.

Constipation 15+ important causes?

Various causes of constipation include:

consuming low fiber diet and less fluid

lack of exercise

pregnancy

old age

side effects of certain drugs

metabolic, endocrine, neurogenic causes

lower bowel abnormalities

psychogenic disorders

chronic use of enemas and laxatives

cancer of the bowel

ignoring the urge of passing stool

change in environment etc.

Each cause needs to be looked into and corrected accordingly.

Chronic constipation may be a problem both for the patient and practitioner.

Redness of Eye: Causes, First Aid, Diagnosis, And Treatment

Poor oral intake and its causes need to be looked into. These may vary from ill
fitting denture to loneliness in elderly, non availability of food, poor intake of
high roughage diets because of ignorance or bad eating habits.

Any illness resulting into poor oral intake can cause constipation which can usually be managed with improved oral  intake  with roughage and promotion of fluid intake.

Restriction of intake is not always due to anorexia alone, but many myths stopping oral intake by patient during illness is a frequent underlying cause.

Constipation assessment?

  1. A thorough assessment of the patient is important.
  2. Note the possible causative factors of constipation.
  3. Duration and severity of problem.
  4. What all interventions the patient has tried and their outcome.
  5. Acute constipation associated with vomiting and if the patient has not
    passed even wind and appears ill, GIT obstruction may be suspected.
  6. These patients need to be referred immediately to a higher centre.

Constipation treatment?

Constipation natural treatment:

Health education plays a vital role for the individual as well as society at large. The non-pharmacological interventions should be tried first before moving on to laxative.

Advise high fiber diet (vegetables, salad, fruits, bran) and increased intakeof fluid.

Decrease the consumption of caffeinated drinks.

Avoid suppression of urge to defecate.

Make a regular bowel habit.

Bulk forming agents like ‘isapghula husk’ also help to relieve mild constipation.

Advise regular physical exercise such as walk for 1/2 to 1 hour daily andabdominal exercises.

Discourage the continuous use of laxatives.

constipation treatment medicine?

If there is no response with the above said non-pharmacological measures, then try the following pharmacological measures.

Lactulose 15–20 ml orally at night. Or Susp. magnesium sulphate 15–20 ml
at night.

Tab sodium picosulphate 10 mg at night. 

Isotonic polyethylene glycol (PEG) electrolyte solution 125–250 ml.

Any of these may be given 2–4 times a week. The dose can be decided as per the
adequate relief.

Phosphate enemas to be used on as and when required basis in patients having acute problem with severe constipation or sub-acute intestinal obstruction.

Filed Under: GESTRO Problems

Redness of Eye: Causes, First Aid, Diagnosis, And Treatment

Abhi Sharma December 31, 2020 0 Ear Eyes Nose & Throat Problem 7

Overview

Eye redness refers to a red appearance of the normally white part of the eye. The eye looks red or bloodshot because blood vessels on the surface of the eye widen (dilate), bringing extra blood into the eye.

Redness of eye
Pic Credit : https://www.pexels.com

What causes redness of eye?

If you suffring from redness of eyes these most important causes may you seen.

Conjunctivitis may due to following causes:

  • Bacterial
  • Viral (most common cause)
  • Chlamydia
  • Allergic
  • Irritants
  • Blepharitis (inflammation of eye lids)
  • Pollution
  • Stye
  • Subconjunctival haemorrhage
  • Keratitis
  • Corneal abrasion
  • Corneal ulcer
  • Iridocyclitis
  • Acute glaucoma
  • Conjuctival or corneal foreign bodyTrichiasis– abnormally positioned eyelashes that grow back towards the eye touching cornea or conjunctiva
  • Episcleritis
  • Scleritis

What are the first aid for redness of eye?

Visual acuity

Eye and hand hygiene to prevent spread

Investigations for underlying cause

Dark goggles

Specific management as per cause

Conjunctival swab for culture sensitivity

Do not bandage the eye without ascertaining the cause

Do not use steroids without ascertaining the cause.

How is redness of eye diagnosed?

Your doctor perform your eye examination and your environment history.

• Visual acuity
• Torch light examination
• Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) measure
• Slit lamp examination
• Fundus examination
• Conjuctival swab for culture sensitivity

In case of corneal ulcer: KOH mount, Gram stain, Sample for culture
sensitivity from the lesion.

How is redness of eye treated?

The treatment of redness of eyes depend upon severity and causes.

Bacterial conjunctivitis: Dry hot fomentation, Topical antibiotics, dark goggles.

Viral conjunctivitis: Supportive treatment. Cold compress, dark goggles
topical antibiotics to prevent superaded infection.

Glaucoma: Intra Occular Pressure (IOP) lowering drugs.

• Daimox
• I/V mannitol
• Timolol etc.

• Scleritis/episceritis:Topical steroids.

• Iridocyclitis: Topical steroids.

• Stye: Dry hot fomentation, Topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, epilation of affected hair follicles.

• Trichiasis: Epilation (removal of hair) of eye lashes.

Conclusion:

These information provide only for education purpose, if you have problems with your eyes ensure with your doctor.

Filed Under: Ear Eyes Nose & Throat Problem

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